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Am I a Monster: Hidden fears and harm OCD

What if I’m a pedophile? What if I’m secretly gay and want to leave my spouse? What if I forget to lock the doors and something terrible happens? What if that bump in the road I felt when I was driving was actually me running over a body? 

Thoughts about OCD usually are accompanied by stereotypical images of someone scrubbing their hands or straightening a crooked picture frame.  The truth this, OCD exists in many dimensions. Contamination and symmetry are two of the better-known dimensions where people with OCD may struggle. However, they are not the only two areas that exist. Two other dimensions where OCD can reside include harm and unacceptable thoughts. Although these areas may be lesser known, they are also very common. 

This article will focus specifically on harm OCD. But before I get too far ahead of myself, let’s talk about what OCD is and is not. 

What OCD Is

OCD or obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental illness. According to The International OCD foundation (IOCDF), OCD is a mental health disorder that affects people of all ages and walks of life, and occurs when a person gets caught in a cycle of obsessions and compulsions (1).

Obsessions are unwanted thoughts, images or impulses that occur over and over again and feel out of the person’s control. Obsessions are often disturbing, are unwanted and lead to undesired feelings such as fear, disgust, doubt, or the need to make something be ‘just right’.  People who have obsessive thoughts often realize they do not make sense and are illogical. However, they feel unable to disengage from them. 

Compulsions are thoughts or actions a person takes to try to reduce or eliminate the distress from the obsession. Doing compulsions may create temporary relief from the distress of the obsession. Unfortunately, the relief does not last, and a person winds up feeling like they need to do more compulsions when the anxiety returns. This can create a feeling of being controlled, trapped, or compelled to act despite a person’s wishes to stop doing the ritual they started. 

What OCD Is Not

OCD is not the desire to have something neat and tidy. It is not wanting to hang a picture straight or simply having something crooked irritate you. It is not just wanting to wash your hands when they are dirty. Even though people often reference OCD in these contexts, it is not helpful or accurate to say “I’m OCD” when talking about normal activities or desires. For people who have dealt with the immense pain and suffering that OCD can cause, it is often hurtful to hear people use the term flippantly. 

Harm OCD

Harm OCD occurs when obsessive doubts take on the form of fear of harming yourself or others either on purpose, through loss of control, by accident or by negligence. 

Some examples of obsessive doubts include: What if I’m a pedophile? It’s possible that I could lose control and stab someone. I might be a rapist and not know it. Maybe I’ll forget to turn off the stove and burn the house down. I could lose control of my car and run into someone. 

While there are many other varieties of doubts experienced by a person struggling with harm OCD, they typically have the same theme of fear of causing harm to self or others. 

Shame and Seeking Treatment

People who suffer from harm OCD often never voice their fears to others because they are terrified of what others would think if they knew the types of thoughts that occupied their mind. They tend to carry immense amounts of shame and feel isolated and lonely thinking that they are the only ones who struggle. Unfortunately, studies show OCD typically takes an average of fourteen to seventeen years from the time symptoms begin before it is properly diagnosed (2). Due to barriers like lack of awareness and shame, harm OCD may take even longer. In my experience, it is not uncommon for people who are seeking treatment for other mental health concerns to have their OCD go undetected and untreated even by experienced therapists. 

Treatment Options

The good news is that there are many effective treatments available for OCD. Here is a description of some research backed, reputable treatment options:

ERP (Exposure and Response Prevention) is an evidence-based treatment for OCD that involves exposing a person to the things that create anxiety while helping them refrain from doing compulsions. This treatment starts with small, manageable tasks and works its way up to more and more difficult exposures as the person feels ready. An example of an exposure for someone with harm OCD could be to cook something in the kitchen and after turning off the stove, leave the room without returning to check to make sure the stove is turned off. 

IBT (Inference Based Therapy) is a relatively newly developed but well-researched approach for treating OCD. Rather than using exposure to treat the obsessions and compulsions, IBT focuses on helping a person resolve their obsessive doubt. A person who is receiving treatment for OCD would spend time learning about how OCD takes a doubt such as “I might be a pedophile” and uses many methods of logic and reasoning to make the doubt seem valid. They would then learn how to deconstruct this logic and reasoning and replace it with new reasoning that is grounded in reality. Through this process the person learns to trust themself, their five senses and their common sense. 

ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) is a process-based therapy focused on using psychological flexibility skills to create a life of purpose and meaning. It can be used in conjunction with other therapies or on its own to treat OCD. It focuses on identifying ways OCD has interfered with living a values-driven life and seeks to restore functioning while learning to tolerate discomfort and redirect thinking. An example of using an ACT approach with harm OCD would be helping a parent be able to hug their child despite having the fear that they may lose control and cause them harm. This would be considered a values-based exposure because it is focusing on helping the person with OCD do things that deeply matter to them despite the difficulty that the obsessive fear causes. 

First Steps

If you suspect that you or someone you love is struggling with harm OCD, or any other form of OCD, a good place to start is by getting an evaluation from a mental health professional who is trained to work with OCD. After getting evaluated, you will then discuss what treatment options are available and next steps to take.

Other Resources

If making an appointment feels like too big of a step, or you do not have access to services, or you are interested in learning more, here are some reputable resources you may find helpful: 

International OCD Foundation (IOCDF) https://iocdf.org/ This website is full of information and resources to help you better understand OCD.

The OCD Stories Podcast https://theocdstories.com/ This podcast is dedicated to providing reliable and heart-felt information to professionals, people who suffer from OCD and people who have a family member who suffers from OCD. 

Overcoming Harm OCD: Mindfulness and CBT Tools for Coping with Unwanted Violent Thoughts by Jon Hershfield. This is an excellent self-help book about how to deal with harm OCD. It can be read in conjunction with therapy or on your own.

OCD Lived Experience Collective https://ocdlivedexperiencecollective.org/ This is an organization that was founded by a group of therapists who also suffer from OCD. They play many roles including advocating for people to have access to many treatment choices, not solely ERP.

One Last Thought

If you get nothing else out of this article, remember this: you are not crazy, you are not a monster, there is help available and you are going to be okay. 

-Sarah Hunter, LCSW

References:

  1. Information on what OCD is can be found here: https://iocdf.org/about-ocd/
  2. The reference for OCD taking fourteen to seventeen years to be diagnosed can be found here: https://iocdf.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/What-You-Need-To-Know-About-OCD.pdf
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Silent Drowning: When High Functioning People Struggle

Silent Drowning: When High Functioning People Struggle

The Subtle Signs of Drowning

Do you know what a person looks like when they’re drowning? Yelling, screaming for help, arms flailing? Nope. Maybe you’ve seen the educational infographics circulating on social media—and they’re true. An article from Maggie Roetker on Norton healthcare’s website explains, “Unlike what you see in the movies or on TV, drowning people are generally unable to splash and yell. Instead, they are unusually quiet, often appearing to be relaxed, floating or treading water.”

In an interview done on The Scope radio, Dr. Scott Youngquest who works as an emergency room physician elaborates on how to tell if someone is drowning. He explains, “It’s remarkably undramatic in nature and most of the time it’s not recognized by people who are watching swimmers. A good-trained lifeguard will notice the signs of drowning but the fascinating thing is that 50% of kids who drown do so within 25 yards of a parent. In fact, 10% of those drownings occur while the parent is watching so they’re not recognizing this as a drowning at all. It just looks like the kid’s in the water and seems to be doing fine.” 

High Functioning Anxiety and Depression

There is a similarity I see in this description of a person who is drowning and a high functioning person who is struggling with mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. Most of the time, when a person’s mental health impairs their functioning, the struggle tends to make itself known. For example, when a person can’t get out of bed to go to work and is at risk of being fired, we take note. Or when a teen’s anxiety level is so elevated that they are refusing to go to school or having panic attacks during tests, there is an external alert that something is wrong and needs to be addressed. 

However, for adults who keep a steady job or teens who don’t struggle with grades or are high performing in other ways, we tend to assume that everything is fine. Oftentimes, this is not the case, and the reality is that there is an intense struggle happening beneath the surface. The fact that no one knows about the struggle can make it feel even more isolating and alone.

Does this seem true for you or someone you know? If you struggle with depression, anxiety or have a trauma history, sometimes the struggle has been going on for so long or it came on so gradually, you yourself don’t realize how serious it has become. 

Maybe you’re in a constant state of exhaustion and overwhelm—so much so that it seems too hard to even ask for help. 

Maybe you feel trapped working for a job you hate doing but it pays well so you stay. 

Maybe you are in a relationship struggle that no one knows about. 

Maybe the demands placed on you as a caregiver feel like too much, but you would never want to admit it because you’d feel like a terrible person if you did. 

Maybe anxiety is becoming so debilitating you are starting to avoid people and places you used to love. 

Maybe depression has you in a fog, feeling hopeless about the future or questioning the purpose of your own existence. 

Maybe the people around you would be shocked if they really knew what it was like to live in your head.

What Can I do?

If you take a step back and look at all that you are dealing with in life and realize it’s more than you let on to yourself or others, maybe it’s time to pay attention to your mental health. 

Confiding in a trusted friend or family member is a good first step to getting back to a place where you don’t feel as if you’re silently drowning. Connection is one of the most healing things for humans. Giving yourself permission to simplify your life or to say no or set boundaries where needed can help relieve stress. Having compassion for the struggles you face and remembering you’re not alone in your struggles; that pain is the one great connector of all of humankind is powerful too. 

If these things seem too overwhelming or you have tried them and you still feel like you’re drowning, reaching out to a mental health professional may be your next best step. 

We Belong to Each Other

One of my favorite ideas taught by Mother Teresa is the idea that we belong to each other. As a society we can do a better job of remembering that even the people who appear to have it all together rarely do. 

One of my favorite songs, True Sadness, by The Avett Brothers has the following lyrics, “But I still wake up shaken by dreams/And I hate to say it but the way it seems/Is that no one is fine/Take the time to peel a few layers/And you will find/True sadness.” In my job as a therapist, I get to see what life is like for people behind the “I’ve got it put together” façade and I can tell you that no one escapes this life without experiencing pain, loss, and struggle. 

Remember that a person being high functioning—good at their job, getting all A’s, or being high achieving is not the same as being in a good place mentally. Like a well-trained lifeguard watching for the more subtle signs of drowning, we can be on the lookout for the people we love and check in if something seems off. If someone’s not quite acting like themselves, we can slow down and ask a few more questions even if we initially get the response “I’m fine! Everything’s fine!” 

Belonging to each other means we check in with the people around us and help where we can. It also means it’s ok to be the one asking for help. 

-Sarah Hunter, MSW, LCSW

Notes

You can find Maggie Roetker’s article on Norton healthcare’s website here:

There is a transcript of The Scope radio interview with Dr. Scott Youngquest here:

https://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/shows.php?shows=0_fpi0f00s

And here is a link to the lyrics True Sadness by The Avett Brothers:

https://g.co/kgs/4qxZSy

Healing Spaces

In January, as I was considering some of the challenges I was facing and deciding what I wanted to focus on for the year, I had the thought come to me “I need space.” This felt true and wise to me so I decided to consider it inspiration and settled on the phrase “Make Space” as my theme for the year. The mantra I created to go with my theme read: I make space for the important things in my life, including myself. I then broke that idea down into different categories I wanted to make space for in my life. I included things on my list like creativity, relationships, progressing at work, rest–pretty basic stuff.

Then a funny thing happened that made me realize there was more to my space-making than I initially anticipated. I don’t recall what I was doing at the time the revelation hit. I’m sure it was something super important like pondering the meaning of life…or putting away my laundry. It doesn’t really matter. All I know is that one day I was struck with a feeling of joyful gratitude as images of some of my most-loved spaces entered my mind. The gratitude came as I became aware of the integral role each of the spaces played in the healing work I have done this year. It was in this visionary experience that I realized I didn’t just spend the year making conceptual space for myself. I also created spaces in the physical realm that have enabled me to meet those goals of improving my creativity, relationships, work skills, and ability to rest. 

While many images of healing spaces came to mind during this experience, three that stood out include an outdoor space, a creative space and a portable space.

Outdoor Space

This year, with the help of my family, I removed some grass and put down some flagstone in a small, slightly shady corner of my back yard. I purchased a couple of lounge chairs and set them on the flagstone and this became a space for me to soak up sun, look at stars, read, stare at trees, and experience peace and quiet.  Research has shown a multitude of benefits that come from being outdoors; I believe all of it because when I am outside I feel a shift in my body. I have struggled with chronic fatigue and sometimes the only thing I have the energy to do is to get outside and sit. And it is enough. This space helped me be able to rest. 

Creative Space

As my family shrunk from four children to one child living at home, I decided it was permissible to commandeer one of the extra bedrooms (savage, I know) and turn it into an art room. A coat of paint, a new light fixture and some shelving transformed the room into a creative haven for me. Several years ago I developed a love of watercolor painting but struggled to find time and space to create. Having an art room has given me a space to be messy and focus on creation. I underestimated how integral this little space would be for me in my healing journey. I don’t know all the neurological ins and outs of how creativity and healing go together but I know they are interconnected. I didn’t realize how much I needed a creative space until I had one. My art room has given me the space I need to create.

Portable Space

I started doing yoga about 16 years ago, after the birth of my youngest son. I knew it was for me when we were doing the final relaxation pose at the end of class and I had an image come to mind where I was looking down on my own body, laying on the mat with a peaceful smile on my face. It was like my soul was smiling and exhaling all at the same time. Since then, I don’t think I’ve gone a week without practicing some sort of yoga. I love my yoga mats (I’m on my third one) and they all feel like friends to me. I try to take one with me whenever I go on road trips or camping so we’ve been to many places together. Like good friends, they have seen me through many difficult, emotional experiences. My yoga mat has become a reliable space for my body and mind to work through emotions, release old baggage, and calm myself down. The nice thing about a yoga mat as a healing space is that it is portable. Whenever I unroll my mat, I create a space to move, meditate and heal. 

Therapeutic Spaces

As a therapist, I like to think my office is a healing space where people can come with whatever burdens they are carrying and have a place to talk, laugh, cry and do what needs to be done so life can open up outside of therapy in beautiful and meaningful ways. For some of my clients, my office starts off being one of their only healing spaces and a part of their work involves learning to create more space for themselves outside of therapy. That can look different for everyone, but this year I realized it’s important not to overlook the need we all have to spend time in physical spaces where we can rest, create and heal. 

Sarah Hunter, LCSW

Fellow Clinicians: Self-Care Will Not Save us From Pain

Do I push harder or pull back? Is it time to be directive or let the client lead? Should I stick with the treatment plan or refer to a higher level of care? Is my client going to be safe if I send them home? Therapists make these decisions knowing that what they say and do (or don’t do) has the potential to impact someone’s life for better or worse. Anyone who has worked in the mental health field knows the role of a therapist is both rewarding and demanding. Guiding clients through treatment requires empathy, skill, and an unwavering commitment to the client’s well-being. Clinicians make difficult judgment calls on a daily basis. It’s a lot. 

I am a therapist and some of my favorite clients are also clinicians. Some come to therapy to work on their own stuff and others come because they are experiencing work related problems like secondary trauma stress, burnout or a loss of compassion satisfaction. When I work with other clinicians, I love the instant camaraderie I feel; without saying a word, we have a shared understanding about the joys and pains of the job.

I absolutely love watching people heal, grow, and change. It is one of the most satisfying, inspiring, heartwarming things in my life. It is also intense and filled with ups and downs and can trigger my own countertransference. And at various stages throughout my career, my work – or more accurately – how I’m engaging with my work, has had definite repercussions on my wellness.

The Self-Care Solution

All therapists know how important it is to prioritize their own well-being in theory. We know about the oxygen mask on the airplane and how you must put on your own mask first before you help others. We know we are less effective at work when we are not taking care of ourselves. And sometimes we even know that our wellbeing doesn’t just matter in the context of being a better helper to others but that our wellbeing matters because, well, we matter. After a lot of my own personal therapy, I actually reached a point of understanding that self-care is valuable in itself; that it’s not just about keeping the machine going at top speed. I realized I am a human with needs and wants and desires and that my quality of life matters just as much as my clients’. My work with other therapists often involves helping them understand this point. But the job doesn’t end there.

When working with burned-out clinicians, I rarely start off by recommending improved self-care. This is not because I think therapists are doing an excellent job of taking care of themselves.

One of my favorite memes starts out “my therapist: you need to engage in better self-care” the next line reads “also my therapist:” and has a scary picture of a decrepit looking person with red circles around their eyes and saggy, wrinkled skin. This meme always makes me laugh, then cringe because it hits a little too close to home. While we may know intellectually that we need to take care of ourselves, most therapists struggle to know how to do this in meaningful ways. But maybe the problem is not that we are failing with self-care, maybe the problem is how we’ve been conditioned to conceptualize self-care in the first place.

Does any of the following sound familiar?

If all goes well, after reading this article, you can expect to have perfect clarity and insight as to how to maintain a perfect work-life balance. The information I’m about to share will unlock the key to making sure that every important thing in your life will fit into a tidy schedule and you will have a to-do list that matches your energy level and is easily achievable on a daily basis. You will finally figure out how to exercise regularly, sleep well, eat nutritiously, make time for romance, keep a clean and inspiring environment, budget your money, have healthy relationships, and keep up on all your notes.

I know those types of promises sound so enticing but they carry an underlying message: if you are struggling it’s because you’re doing it wrong. The truth is, if you’re struggling it’s because you are a human being living in a messy world that is made even more messy because of your chosen profession. You are not the only clinician who is struggling to meet all the demands of working in a helping profession.

Believe me when I say:

You are not alone if you feel overwhelmed by your work.

You are not alone if you have been deeply affected by the stories of the people you work with.

You are not alone if your own mental health issues show up at work and you sometimes don’t know where to turn because even if you know you need to see a therapist, you have professional relationships with all the therapists you know which makes it really difficult to find someone you trust.

You are not alone if you wonder if anything you are doing makes a difference or if you sometimes feel at a loss as to how to help the people who are paying to see you.

And most importantly, you are also not alone if you struggle with feeling that you are alone.

Pain is Painful

I was at a recent ACT training where the trainer led an exercise around creative hopelessness. First, she had us list something that we are currently struggling with. Then we listed the thoughts and feelings that show up when we’re in the struggle. Next, she had us list all the ways we have tried to deal with the struggle. Most of us had some ‘healthy coping’ and ‘unhealthy coping’ items on the list. She then asked a very annoying question: has any of this worked? Meaning: has the struggle disappeared? Are you free and clear of the pain? I don’t think there was anyone in the room who said yes.

She then made a room full of therapists (who are highly trained to hold space for pain and who have high tolerance for discomfort) feel very uncomfortable. As we expressed our resistance to the idea that pain still exists in our lives despite our best (and worst) efforts to eradicate it, she kept asking things like “And is that going to get rid of the pain?” 

Us: I’ve learned a lot of helpful things in coping with pain. I have hobbies, 
I go out with friends, I take hot baths and I do my own therapy.
Her: And is the pain still there?
Us: Well, yea. BUT I’ve learned to embrace my pain.
Her: And did that get rid of it?
Us: Well, no. BUT….(realizing she’s right) Damn it! What the hell? What are you saying? That nothing matters? If nothing works, then what is the point of our jobs?
Her: And when we respond to pain with anger and frustration and tell ourselves that nothing matters and our efforts are pointless, does that get rid of the pain?
Us: Well, shit. No. BUT…

This went on for a while before she helped us process how much we struggle to accept the idea that pain is a part of life and that pain hurts.

One of the reasons talking about self-care can be so problematic is that we try to use self-care as a way to avoid struggle. We buy into the idea that if we do it right or do it well enough then our jobs will be easy and we will achieve a perfect work-life balance and live in a balanced state of regulated bliss for the rest of our careers. This way of thinking gives us an out because if we’re struggling it’s just because we’re not doing good enough self-care and as soon as we start doing self-care all will be well. After all, us therapists are very good at mental manipulation reframing; we practice it on a daily basis.

Having a conversation about self-care without recognizing that it will not save us from pain actually increases our levels of exhaustion and burnout. It turns into yet another item on a very long to-do list which we feel guilty for not completing. And when we make efforts to care for ourselves, we get frustrated when it’s not working meaning “I’m doing my self-care but I still feel pain? How can this be?”

As we work on accepting the reality that if we choose to work in the mental health field, we choose to let ourselves be affected by the pain of others as well as our own pain, we are in a better place to take care of ourselves. In this context, self-care stops becoming about running from pain and turns into something we do because it helps us face pain with an open heart. As we practice facing pain with an open heart, we fear it less and we can then practice facing it rather than running from it (and yes, pain is still painful even when we respond to it in this way).

I have done and continue to do a lot of work on myself to help me live this way. I often hear the voice of Steve Hayes in my head reminding me “Your pain is not your enemy.” At many times throughout the journey, I’ve needed to access professional help in order to face pain I was avoiding. I like to think this has made me a better clinician and human being. I also think it has helped me have empathy and utmost respect for my therapist-clients.

If you’re feeling the call to do a deep dive on yourself and figure out some ways to reduce your struggle against pain, I hope you’ll take the plunge. Whether that looks like doing some work on your own, with your coworkers, in supervision, with a self-help book or with another professional,I hope you will take good care of yourself in the process.